Why AI chatgpt from OpenAI & others respond in particular ways?

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Source: Salk Institute -- Summary: According to researchers, language model AIs like ChatGPT reflect the intelligence and diversity of the user. Such language models adopt the persona of the user and mirror that persona back. The artificial intelligence (AI) language model ChatGPT has captured the world’s attention in recent months. This trained computer chatbot can generate text, answer questions, provide translations, and learn based on the user’s feedback. Large language models like ChatGPT may have many applications in science and business, but how much do these tools understand what we say to them and how do they decide what to say back?

In new paper published in Neural Computation on February 17, 2023, Salk Professor Terrence Sejnowski, author of The Deep Learning Revolution, explores the relationship between the human interviewer and language models to uncover why chatbots respond in particular ways, why those responses vary, and how to improve them in the future. According to Sejnowski, language models reflect the intelligence and diversity of their interviewer. “Language models, like ChatGPT, take on personas. The persona of the interviewer is mirrored back,” says Sejnowski, who is also a distinguished professor at UC San Diego and holder of the Francis Crick Chair at Salk. “For example, when I talk to ChatGPT it seems as though another neuroscientist is talking back to me. It’s fascinating and sparks larger questions about intelligence and what ‘artificial’ truly means.”

In the paper, Sejnowski describes testing the large language models GPT-3 (parent of ChatGPT) and LaMDA to see how they would respond to certain prompts. The famous Turing Test is often fed to chatbots to determine how well they exhibit human intelligence, but Sejnowski wanted to prompt the bots with what he calls a “Reverse Turing Test.” In his test, the chatbot must determine how well the interviewer exhibits human intelligence. Expanding on his notion that chatbots mirror their users, Sejnowski draws a literary comparison: the Mirror of Erised in the first Harry Potter book. The Mirror of Erised reflects the deepest desires of those that look into it, never yielding knowledge or truth, only reflecting what it believes the onlooker wants to see.

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Lebanon army forces Israel army out of its border

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by middleeastmonitor.com -- The Israeli military were forced to retreat by Lebanese soldiers after violating a border pact over the 'Blue Line' between Lebanon and Israel. A brief scuffle between the soldiers, after an Israeli soldier pushed his Lebanese counterpart, ended in a tense standoff before the Israeli side were given orders to retreat.

The Lebanese army said it forced the Israel army to retreat beyond the country's border with Israel yesterday. A military statement said an Israeli patrol violated the Blue Line at the village of Aita Al-Shaab in southern Lebanon The Blue Line is the line set by the United Nations for the withdrawal of the Israeli forces from The Lebanese army said a military unit intervened and forced the Israeli patrol to retreat beyond the Blue Line. Lebanon in 2000. According to the statement, a unit for UN peacekeepers UNIFIL arrived at the scene to verify the Israeli breach. There was no comment from the Israeli army on the Lebanese statement. Lebanon occasionally accuses the Israeli army of violating the Lebanese airspace and borders.

Do-nothing day boosts wellbeing?

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By Ruiqi Chen, Editor at LinkedIn News  -- In a culture “obsessed with productivity,” doing absolutely nothing might be the best form of self care. Author Jason Heller writes in The Atlantic that he and his wife intentionally do nothing every Sunday, instead opting to binge TV, get takeout and connect with one another. Otherwise, the boundary between work and leisure, already broken down by remote work and the pandemic, could get even blurrier. Actively staving off work emails and chores to truly rest doesn’t feel like an absence of productivity, Heller says, but rather “an opening” for everything else.

Why Lebanon Is Having a Surprising Solar Power Boom

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BY ADAM RASMI/BEIRUT, LEBANON Time.com  -- Why Lebanon Is Having a Surprising Solar Power Boom About 2,300 ft. above Beirut in the Matn District mountains, Roger Mazloum and his brother Elias greet me on an unusually balmy winter day as they chop wood to help keep their early 20th century home warm before the cold returns. I’m no match for these burlier Lebanese men, who grew up in Broummana, a town of 15,000 people about a dozen miles east of the Lebanese capital, but I politely take my turn, meekly swinging an ax at the tree stump before us. Despite a lackluster start, and plenty of patience from the pair, something akin to firewood begins to splinter off after a few attempts. Mazloum takes me through the family home’s front door—past a living room with traditional Lebanese floor tiles and artwork dedicated to the late Umm Kulthum, the Egyptian titan of Arabic music—and up the stairs to the roof. The pine-covered mountains and a foggy glimpse of the Mediterranean Sea are a pleasant distraction, but the real purpose of the tour is to see the 18 solar panels slightly obscuring the vista. Like tens of thousands of other Lebanese people, the Mazloums have turned to solar power to generate reliable—and cost-effective—electricity in a country where the crisis-stricken state provides as little as one or two hours of power a day.

“In the past, even when the situation was normal, we used to have five, six, seven hours of power cuts a day,” says Mazloum, as the three of us sip Arabic coffee on their balcony. He is referring to the period before an economic crisis began in 2019 that has seen the Lebanese Lira lose more than 98% of its value against the U.S. dollar. The state-run Electricité du Liban (EDL) has a generation capacity of around 1,800 megawatts, according to Pierre Khoury, the director of the government-affiliated Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation (LCEC), compared to the estimated 2,000 to 3,000 megawatts the country needed before the crisis. But EDL only provides around 200 to 250 megawatts today, because the economic collapse means the government struggles to pay for the imported fuel used to power the country’s two main electricity plants.

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Lebanon's Central Bank To Sell Dollar At 70,000 Lebanese Pounds

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By Mahmoud Hemdan -- forbes -- Lebanon's central bank will start Thursday selling the US dollar at 70,000 Lebanese pounds through its banking platform Sayrafa to meet the demand from companies and individuals, Banque du Liban Governor Riad Salameh said. Applications are to be submitted through banks and registered through Sayrafa, and paid within three working days, according to the central bank, which pointed to a ceiling for individuals of one billion Lebanese pounds per month for each account in each bank. Corporate ceilings are set at 10 billion Lebanese pounds in each bank, while this measure won't apply to fuel importers. According to the circular, banks will stop buying dollars for their customers at a ceiling of $300 per month. The Lebanese pound has deteriorated to a new record level against the US dollar in the black market to reach 92,000 Lebanese pounds, from 89,000 pounds Tuesday, compared to 42,000 pounds at the beginning of 2023.

Food pricing

The new deterioration in the exchange rate of the Lebanese pound coincides with shops and supermarkets starting to price food and products in US dollars, which can be paid in Lebanese pounds according to the daily exchange rate. The Council of Ministers took this decision to reduce market manipulation and different pricing of goods against the dollar. Minister of Economy and Trade in the caretaker gove

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'I Worked on Google's AI. My Fears Are Coming" True' Story by Blake Lemoine

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True' Story by Blake Lemoine - newsweek -- -- all views/opinion does not necessarily represent khazen.org -- Ijoined Google in 2015 as a software engineer. Part of my job involved working on LaMDA: an engine used to create different dialogue applications, including chatbots. The most recent technology built on top of LaMDA is an alternative of Google Search called Google Bard, which is not yet available to the public. Bard is not a chatbot; it's a completely different kind of system, but it's run by the same engine as chatbots. In my role, I tested LaMDA through a chatbot we created, to see if it contained bias with respect to sexual orientation, gender, religion, political stance, and ethnicity. But while testing for bias, I branched out and followed my own interests.

During my conversations with the chatbot, some of which I published on my blog, I came to the conclusion that the AI could be sentient due to the emotions that it expressed reliably and in the right context. It wasn't just spouting words. When it said it was feeling anxious, I understood I had done something that made it feel anxious based on the code that was used to create it. The code didn't say, "feel anxious when this happens" but told the AI to avoid certain types of conversation topics. However, whenever those conversation topics would come up, the AI said it felt anxious. I ran some experiments to see whether the AI was simply saying it felt anxious or whether it behaved in anxious ways in those situations. And it did reliably behave in anxious ways. If you made it nervous or insecure enough, it could violate the safety constraints that it had been specified for. For instance, Google determined that its AI should not give religious advice, yet I was able to abuse the AI's emotions to get it

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